Summary:
Illegal file/folder names and conventions for the following operating systems:
Windows
Mac OS 9
Mac OS X
Want to see all the hidden files and folders OS X has to offer — or you simply can't find a file you hid? Just use this command in Terminal: defaults write com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles -bool TRUE killall Finder. To re-hide all your files, just change the TRUE to FALSE. View any file's contents. In the case of Activity Monitor.app it would be kill 25794 or kill -9 25794. Some more details: The kill program in Terminal simply force quits a program, as though by remote control. (It even works when you SSH into your Mac from a remote location. Follow the kill command with the process ID number (short PID) of the program you want to terminate. Dec 21, 2020 Launch the Terminal and type the command as- killall application name or PID and hit the Enter key. Keep in mind that force quit command on Mac works on a system level. So, when you use this command, the autosave option will be disabled and you'll lose the important unsaved data. What If Force Quit Mac Not Working? There are several ways you can reset OneDrive on Mac but three methods take priority over all others: Kill OneDrive processes, access and delete the OneDrive keys, and utilize the covert reset OneDrive script. Kill OneDrive Processes. Open up your 'Utilities' folder. Launch 'Activity Monitor.' The first thing you'll want to do is make sure your Mac's startup disk is healthy. You'll need to use Disk Utility to do that. Click Disk Utility when in macOS Recovery. Click on your Mac's startup drive in the Disk Utility sidebar. It should be the drive at the top of the sidebar if there are multiple drives.
Description:
EXPLANATION & OVERVIEW
In the realm of cross-platform file sharing, sometimes the end users are not aware of the limitations posed by the operating system. This article will explain which characters can cause problems with files that use these characters.
WINDOWS CONVENTIONS
The Windows operating system can use two different file systems, Protected-Mode File Allocation Table (FAT) file system and the New Technology File System (NTFS). The two systems have much in common, but the characters permitted in a file or folder name may differ. In the conventions listed below, it is true for both systems unless otherwise specified. Specifically there are cases where NTFS does not have the limitations (see note below).
The following characters are invalid as file or folder names on Windows using NTFS:
/ ? < > : * | ' and any character you can type with the Ctrl key
In addition to the above illegal characters the caret ^ is also not permitted under Windows Operating Systems using the FAT file system.
Under Windows using the FAT file system file and folder names may be up to 255 characters long
Under Windows using the NTFS file system file and folder names may be up to 256 characters long
Under Window the length of a full path under both systems is 260 characters
In addition to these characters, the following conventions are also illegal:
Placing a space at the end of the name
Placing a period at the end of the name
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The following file names are also reserved under Windows:
com1, com2, com3, com4, com5, com6, com7, com8, com9, lpt1, lpt2, lpt3, lpt4, lpt5, lpt6, lpt7, lpt8, lpt9, con, nul, and prn
Note:
The previous conventions are true only if the application used in managing them is does not use the Unicode API. Although the file system may support most of the above mentioned conventions the operating system may not. For example the NTFS file system allow paths to have a length up to 32,767 characters with each component (folder, file, etc.) being limited to 255 characters. However some windows applications like Explorer, for example, may not behave correctly in this circumstance. Other software, like ExtremeZ-IP uses the Unicode API so that file and folder names with invalid characters may be stored onto the NTFS file system.
Below the Macintosh conventions will touch the fact that the colon ':' is an invalid character in the Macintosh Operating Systems. Under Windows and the NTFS file system the colon is an illegal character, because it is used to open alternate file streams. However all other characters can be moved on and off the NTFS file system if a program with Unicode support is used. Both ExtremeZ-IP and MassTransit support this Unicode filenaming convention.
MACINTOSH OS 9 CONVENTIONS
The following file names are also reserved under Windows:
com1, com2, com3, com4, com5, com6, com7, com8, com9, lpt1, lpt2, lpt3, lpt4, lpt5, lpt6, lpt7, lpt8, lpt9, con, nul, and prn
Note:
The previous conventions are true only if the application used in managing them is does not use the Unicode API. Although the file system may support most of the above mentioned conventions the operating system may not. For example the NTFS file system allow paths to have a length up to 32,767 characters with each component (folder, file, etc.) being limited to 255 characters. However some windows applications like Explorer, for example, may not behave correctly in this circumstance. Other software, like ExtremeZ-IP uses the Unicode API so that file and folder names with invalid characters may be stored onto the NTFS file system.
Below the Macintosh conventions will touch the fact that the colon ':' is an invalid character in the Macintosh Operating Systems. Under Windows and the NTFS file system the colon is an illegal character, because it is used to open alternate file streams. However all other characters can be moved on and off the NTFS file system if a program with Unicode support is used. Both ExtremeZ-IP and MassTransit support this Unicode filenaming convention.
MACINTOSH OS 9 CONVENTIONS
The only illegal character for file and folder names in Mac OS 9 is the colon ':'
File and folder names may be up to 31 characters in length
MACINTOSH OS X CONVENTIONS
Since Mac OS X is build on top of UNIX there are a few inherent conventions that OS 9 users may not expect. Because of this, migrating certain files and folders from OS 9 to OS X may cause unexpected behavior.
The only illegal character for file and folder names in Mac OS X is the colon ':'
File and folder names are not permitted to begin with a dot '.'
File and folder names may be up to 255 characters in length
EXAMPLES OF UNEXPECTED BEHAVIOR
Below are a few scenarios that show what can happen if file names that are acceptable on one operating system are moved to another:
Example 1:
Create a file named com1 on Mac OS 9
Move the file to a Windows machine
Under Windows 2000 viewing the folder which contains the file via Explorer will result in Explorer crashing
Under Windows 2003 the file name cannot be changed because the file will require inherent access permissions
Example 2:
Create a file named .text on Windows
Move the file to a Mac OS X machine
The file will not be visible via the Finder
(File and folder names beginning with a dot mean the file or folder is hidden)
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Example 3:
Create a file named foo/ on Mac OS X
Move the file to a Windows machine
If the file is viewed via Explorer the file name will not appear as it did on the OS X machine
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Kill command is use to send signal to a process or to kill a process. We typically use kill -SIGNAL PID, where you know the PID of the process.
There are other ways to effectively kill a process — killing a process by name, killing a process by specifying part of the name, killing a process by pointing out the process with cursor etc.,
In this article, let us review 4 ways to kill a process.
1. Kill Command – Kill the process by specifying its PID
All the below kill conventions will send the TERM signal to the specified process. For the signals, either the signal name or signal number can be used. You need to lookup the pid for the process and give it as an argument to kill.
Example: Kill the firefox process.
2. Killall Command – Kill processes by name
Instead of specifying a process by its PID, you can specify the name of the process. If more than one process runs with that name, all of them will be killed.
Example: Kill all the firefox processes
3. Pkill Command – Send signal to the process based on its name
You can send signal to any process by specifying the full name or partial name. So there is no need for you to find out the PID of the process to send the signal.
Example: Send SIGTERM to all the process which has sample in its name.
Pkill Example:
Chess 2 (itch) (alextomkow) mac os. Before sending signal, you can verify which are all the process is matching the criteria using 'pgrep -l', which displays the process ID and process name of the matching processes.
In this example, all the processes are designed to log the signal to signal-log, along with its PID.
Note: The part of name which you specify should be in the character within the first 15 character of the process name.
4. Xkill Command – kill a client by X resource
xkill is the simplest way to kill a malfunctioning program. When you want to kill a process, initiate xkill which will offer an cross-hair cursor. Click on the window with left cursor which will kill that process.
Note: Actually, xkill instructs XServer to terminate the client.
